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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<guide self="tools-reference/grep/">
<chapter>
<title><c>grep</c> — Text Filtering</title>
<body>
<p>
The <c>grep</c> tool can be used to extract lines matching a given
regular expression from a file, or to check whether a given regular
expression matches any line in a file.
</p>
<p>
The usage is <c>grep "pattern" files</c>. If no files are specified,
text is read from the standard input. The <c>pattern</c> is a standard
basic regular expression, as described in
<uri link="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap09.html#tag_09_03">
IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, section 9.3</uri>.
</p>
<p>
If the <c>-E</c> argument is supplied, <c>pattern</c> is treated as
being an extended regular expression as described in
<uri link="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap09.html#tag_09_04">
IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, section 9.4</uri>.
</p>
<p>
If the <c>-F</c> argument is supplied, <c>pattern</c> is treated as
being a fixed string rather than a regular expression.
</p>
<p>
By default, <c>grep</c> prints out matching lines from the input. If
<c>-q</c> is specified, no output is displayed. If <c>-l</c> (lowercase
letter ell) is specified, only the filenames of files which contain
matching lines are displayed.
</p>
<p>
The <c>-v</c> option can be used to select lines which do not match the
pattern instead.
</p>
<p>
The <c>-s</c> option can be used to suppress messages about nonexistent or
unreadable files.
</p>
<p>
The return code can be used to test whether or not a match occurred. A
return code of <c>0</c> indicates that one or more matches occurred; a code
of <c>1</c> indicates no matches.
</p>
<p>
See <uri link="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/grep.html">
IEEE Std 1003.1-2017-grep</uri> for details. The grep-1 manual page on GNU
systems documents many non-portable additional features.
</p>
</body>
</chapter>
</guide>
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