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<section id="gentoo-policy-guide">
<h1>Gentoo Policy Guide<a class="headerlink" href="#gentoo-policy-guide" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<p>Gentoo Policy Guide aims to become a definitive clear source of all
Tree Policies that are currently binding to Gentoo developers.
It combines both policies that are global by design (i.e. set by the QA
team or the Council), as well as specific to other Gentoo projects.
The policies are meant to be supplied with rationale and clear
indication of the body setting the policy, and therefore the process
in which the policy can be updated.</p>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
<span id="document-preface"></span><section id="preface">
<h2>Preface<a class="headerlink" href="#preface" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="introduction">
<h3>Introduction<a class="headerlink" href="#introduction" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>Gentoo Policy Guide aims to become a definitive clear source of all
Tree Policies that are currently binding to Gentoo developers.
It combines both policies that are global by design (i.e. set by the QA
team or the Council), as well as specific to other Gentoo projects.
The policies are meant to be supplied with rationale and clear
indication of the body setting the policy, and therefore the process
in which the policy can be updated.</p>
</section>
<section id="authors">
<h3>Authors<a class="headerlink" href="#authors" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>This document is maintained by the Gentoo <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Quality_Assurance">QA project</a>.</p>
<p>The current text authors are:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Michał Górny (mgorny)</p></li>
<li><p>Ulrich Müller (ulm)</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="license">
<h3>License<a class="headerlink" href="#license" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>This work is licensed under the <a class="reference external" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike
4.0 International License</a>.</p>
</section>
</section>
<span id="document-motivation"></span><section id="motivation-and-history">
<h2>Motivation and history<a class="headerlink" href="#motivation-and-history" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="historical-state-of-policy-documentation">
<h3>Historical state of policy documentation<a class="headerlink" href="#historical-state-of-policy-documentation" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>At the time, Gentoo was lacking a clear and focused document listing all
development-related policies in a concise and clear way.</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://projects.gentoo.org/pms/latest/pms.html">PMS</a> provided a technical specification for the ebuild files but did
not provide a sufficient explanation on how to use it. Furthermore, PMS
was focused on wider usage of the ebuild files than intended for
the Gentoo repository, and therefore was partially restricted via tree
policies.</p>
<p>Past Council decisions can be found in the <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Council/Meeting_logs">Council meeting logs</a>.
However, their form makes it hard to find any particular decision,
not to mention establishing a complete list of policies.</p>
<p>At some point, the QA team started listing <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Quality_Assurance/Policies">QA policies</a> on its wiki
page. Only eight policies were listed so far. The policies were written
out as a flat list with no particular order which is not going to scale
well.</p>
<p>Finally, there was an attempt to turn <a class="reference external" href="https://devmanual.gentoo.org/">devmanual</a> into a source of
reference policies. It was rejected by its maintainers as explicitly
against the original purpose of this document. Furthermore, a large
amount of stale information combined with ability to edit by every
developer would make it unclear which parts are applicable policies,
and which are obsolete or non-binding tips.</p>
<p>There are also project policies, scattered across wiki pages and other
project documentation, and a lot of de facto policies that were
established less or more formally in the past but were never really
written down.</p>
</section>
<section id="purpose-of-the-policy-guide">
<h3>Purpose of the Policy Guide<a class="headerlink" href="#purpose-of-the-policy-guide" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The Policy Guide was created in order to address aforementioned
documentation deficiencies. Its primary purpose is to collect all
applicable policies from various sources and combine them into a single
logically organized document.</p>
<p>Along with a wording of each policy, its rationale should be provided
(if available) and an indication of which body set the policy.
The former should make it possible to better understand the policy,
and apply it in spirit rather than requiring very precise wording.
The latter should make it clear who can be queried for additional
information, and how the policy can be updated if need arises.</p>
<p>This Guide is going to replace the QA team policies page. All new QA
policies will be documented directly in it. Other documentation (e.g.
devmanual) should conform to policies stated here.</p>
</section>
</section>
<span id="document-basics"></span><section id="basic-information">
<h2>Basic information<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-information" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="goals-of-policy-making">
<h3>Goals of policy making<a class="headerlink" href="#goals-of-policy-making" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The Gentoo policies focus on three aims:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p><em>Portability</em>. By following the policies, it should be possible
to package software so that it works on different system setups.
This includes various supported architectures, basic system
components, service managers, package managers, combinations
of compiler and linker flags, etc.</p></li>
<li><p><em>Maintainability</em>. The policies aim to provide consistent coding
practices that make it easy for a different person to co-maintain
the package or take over after previous maintainer. This also
reduces the risk of mistakes experienced by the end users.</p></li>
<li><p><em>End-user experience</em>. The policies try to help developers
in providing a consistent end-user experience. The same concepts
applied across different packages make it easier for user to achieve
his goals and reduce the likeliness of surprising behavior.</p></li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="policy-compliance-checking">
<h3>Policy compliance checking<a class="headerlink" href="#policy-compliance-checking" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>Currently, there are two kinds of tools involved in detecting policy
violations:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>Linting-class tools, including <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Repoman">repoman</a> and <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pkgcore/pkgcheck">pkgcheck</a>. Those tools
analyze ebuilds and other files in the package repository for known
policy violations. They are limited to checking for problems that
can be detected without running the phase functions.</p></li>
<li><p>Build- and install-time QA checks, implemented in package managers.
Those trigger while the ebuilds are executing. They are limited
to testing the currently running code path.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>Developers are expected to use both kinds of tools before pushing their
commits. They should both lint the changed ebuilds using <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Repoman">repoman</a>
or <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pkgcore/pkgcheck">pkgcheck</a>, and test whether their packages build and install
correctly.</p>
<p>Additionally, Gentoo is running <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pkgcore/pkgcheck">pkgcheck</a> periodically as <a class="reference external" href="https://qa-reports.gentoo.org/output/gentoo-ci/output.html">Gentoo CI</a>.
All non-trivial violations are reported to the <a class="reference external" href="https://archives.gentoo.org/gentoo-automated-testing/">gentoo-automated-testing</a>
mailing list and to the developers making the relevant commits. This
supplements the direct use of linting tools by developers with reliable
tree-wide scans.</p>
</section>
<section id="policy-enforcement">
<h3>Policy enforcement<a class="headerlink" href="#policy-enforcement" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The Gentoo <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Quality_Assurance">QA team</a> is tasked with enforcement of the tree policies.
Its role is governed by <a class="reference external" href="https://www.gentoo.org/glep/glep-0048.html">GLEP 48</a>. It focuses on documenting
the policies, resolving doubts regarding them and educating
the developers.</p>
<p>The QA team members can also take direct action in resolving minor
quality problems (i.e. when fixing directly involves far less effort
than if the developer was requested to fix it), or when developer
refuses to resolve policy violations.</p>
<p>Finally, in case of repeated unwillingness to follow policies, the QA
team can issue disciplinary measures against the developer in question.</p>
</section>
<section id="policy-making-changes-and-appeals">
<h3>Policy making, changes and appeals<a class="headerlink" href="#policy-making-changes-and-appeals" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The majority of policies are written down and maintained by the <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Quality_Assurance">QA
team</a>. Other Gentoo projects also create policies that affect their
specific areas of contributions (e.g. <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Systemd">systemd project</a> created
policies related to installing systemd unit files).</p>
<p>Each policy listed in this document indicates the body maintaining it.
In order to change or abolish the policy, that team should be contacted.
If the project in question disagrees with the change, <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Quality_Assurance">QA team</a> can be
asked to override the policy. All QA decisions and policies can further
be appealed to the <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Council">Council</a>.</p>
</section>
</section>
<span id="document-other-docs"></span><section id="other-policy-documents">
<h2>Other policy documents<a class="headerlink" href="#other-policy-documents" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="gentoo-specific-documentation">
<h3>Gentoo-specific documentation<a class="headerlink" href="#gentoo-specific-documentation" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<section id="package-manager-specification">
<h4>Package Manager Specification<a class="headerlink" href="#package-manager-specification" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h4>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://projects.gentoo.org/pms/latest/pms.html">PMS</a> provides the specification of ebuild format, as well as general
guidelines for implementing package managers. All ebuilds in the Gentoo
repository are required to conform to the PMS. Tree policies may
enforce additional restrictions upon the format discussed in PMS.</p>
<p>PMS is maintained by the <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:PMS">PMS project</a>. All major changes are done
in subsequent EAPIs that are approved by the Council. The project’s
wiki page discusses how PMS can be changed via <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Package_Manager_Specification/Future_EAPI_process">future EAPI process</a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="gleps">
<h4>GLEPs<a class="headerlink" href="#gleps" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h4>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://www.gentoo.org/glep/">GLEPs</a> provide the highest level policies applicable to Gentoo. Final
or active GLEPs apply to all developers. Tree policies may impose
additional restrictions on GLEPs but may not override them.</p>
<p>The process for creating and updating GLEPs is documented in <a class="reference external" href="https://www.gentoo.org/glep/glep-0001.html">GLEP 1</a>.
In general, all GLEP updates go through mailing list review and need
to be approved by the Council.</p>
</section>
<section id="developer-manual">
<h4>Developer Manual<a class="headerlink" href="#developer-manual" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h4>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://devmanual.gentoo.org/">Devmanual</a> is the basic guide for ebuild developers. Besides policies,
it contains many general recommendations and detailed instructions.
Developer Manual does not specify policies itself, and needs to comply
with policies defined in this document.</p>
<p>Technically, devmanual can be changed by any developer. However, it is
recommended that all changes are reviewed by the <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Devmanual">devmanual project</a>.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="external-standards">
<h3>External standards<a class="headerlink" href="#external-standards" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<section id="posix">
<h4>POSIX<a class="headerlink" href="#posix" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h4>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://get.posixcertified.ieee.org/">POSIX</a> is the basic standard for operating systems. However, its rules
apply to the software packaged in Gentoo rather than the distribution
itself. Nevertheless, when no more specific policy applies, following
POSIX is recommended.</p>
</section>
<section id="fhs">
<h4>FHS<a class="headerlink" href="#fhs" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h4>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml">FHS</a> specifies the suggested filesystem layout for Linux systems.
Gentoo follows FHS only partially. Whenever Gentoo policies and FHS
disagree, Gentoo policies should be followed.</p>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<span id="document-dependencies"></span><section id="dependencies">
<h2>Dependencies<a class="headerlink" href="#dependencies" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<span class="target" id="index-0"></span><section id="pg0001">
<span id="optional-runtime-dependencies"></span><span id="index-1"></span><h3>Optional runtime dependencies<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0001" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0001</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/index.php?title=Project:Quality_Assurance/Policies&oldid=104017#USE-Controlled_Optional_RDEPENDS">https://wiki.gentoo.org/index.php?title=Project:Quality_Assurance/Policies&oldid=104017#USE-Controlled_Optional_RDEPENDS</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Using USE flags to control optional runtime dependencies is not
acceptable except under very specific circumstances, such as a package
being nonfunctional unless at least one of a set of optional runtime
dependencies is installed.</p>
<p>There is no specific preference as to how user should be informed
of optional runtime dependencies. Three possible ways are
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">optfeature</span></code> eclass, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">readme.gentoo-r1</span></code> eclass and plain <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">elog</span></code>
messages.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: toggling USE flags in order to enable or disable optional
runtime dependencies causes needless rebuilds of packages in question.
This is especially important for packages that take long time to build.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://www.gentoo.org/glep/glep-0062.html">GLEP 62</a> proposes a solution permitting flipping USE flags without
rebuilding package in question. It has been tentatively approved
by the Council but no reference implementation has been written.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="pg0002">
<span id="dependencies-with-no-revision"></span><span id="index-2"></span><h3>=-dependencies with no revision<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0002" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0002</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>by repoman and pkgcheck</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Whenever a non-wildcard <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">=</span></code> (equals) dependency is used on a package,
the requested revision must be specified explicitly. When the zeroth
revision is requested, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-r0</span></code> must be used. When no specific revision
is necessary, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~</span></code> (tilde) operator must be used instead.</p>
<p><em>Example</em>:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># BAD:</span>
<span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">libs</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">libfrobnicate</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.2.3</span>
<span class="c1"># GOOD:</span>
<span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">libs</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">libfrobnicate</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.2.3</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">r0</span>
<span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">libs</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">libfrobnicate</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.2.3</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">r3</span>
<span class="o">~</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">libs</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">libfrobnicate</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.2.3</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">=</span></code> operator in place of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~</span></code> to mean a specific
version has been a common mistake. This policy uses the fact that
no revision and explicit <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-r0</span></code> are equivalent. By explicitly
requesting the latter, it warns developers to reconsider whether they
used the correct operator.</p>
</section>
<section id="slot-and-subslot-dependencies">
<span id="index-3"></span><h3>Slot and subslot dependencies<a class="headerlink" href="#slot-and-subslot-dependencies" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<section id="pg0011">
<span id="on-sub-slotted-packages"></span><h4>on (sub-)slotted packages<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0011" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h4>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0011</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://archives.gentoo.org/gentoo-portage-dev/message/9cae3a92412a007febe7ac0612d50f5f">https://archives.gentoo.org/gentoo-portage-dev/message/9cae3a92412a007febe7ac0612d50f5f</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>by repoman and pkgcheck</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Whenever a package dependency specification matches a range of versions
that span different slots or subslots, the package must explicitly
include slot specification. If the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:=</span></code> operator is not applicable
and any slot is acceptable, explicit <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:*</span></code> operator must be used.
If the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:<slot>=</span></code> operator is not applicable and only a specific slot
can be used, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:<slot></span></code> value must be explicitly specified.</p>
<p>Package dependency specification without explicit slot specifier can
be used on packages that are not slotted nor subslotted at the moment.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: this policy aims to help detecting missing slot operators
when dependencies start using slots or subslots. It uses the fact that
the explicit <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:*</span></code> operator is equivalent to no slot specification,
and therefore can be used interchangeably. In this case, we assume
that the latter means ‘dependency not verified yet’, while the former
means ‘verified that any slot is acceptable’.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>The <a class="reference external" href="https://paludis.exherbo.org/">Paludis</a> package manager applies different logic when no slot
is specified on the dependency. It pulls in the slot corresponding
to the newest package version available.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="pg0012">
<span id="special-case-qt-packages"></span><span id="index-4"></span><h4>special case: Qt packages<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0012" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h4>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0012</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>Qt project</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Qt/Policies#Dependencies">https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Qt/Policies#Dependencies</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The Qt packages use subslots in an uncommon way. The public ABI of Qt
libraries is stable within each slot, and the subslot is used to refer
to private ABI. Therefore, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:=</span></code> operator must only be used
if your package uses one of the private API parts, and plain <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:5</span></code>
or likewise dependency must be used otherwise.</p>
</section>
<section id="proactive-use-of-slot-operators">
<h4>proactive use of slot operators<a class="headerlink" href="#proactive-use-of-slot-operators" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h4>
<p>There is an open debate on whether developers should be proactively
adding <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">:=</span></code> slot operators on packages that do not define subslots
yet.</p>
<p>Proponents of the idea point out that adding slot operators to reverse
dependencies after the package becomes slotted is cumbersome and usually
results in losing the subslot rebuild opportunity at least once. They
argue that in many cases the future use of subslots is reasonably
predictable.</p>
<p>Opponents claim that the future use of subslots is not 100% predictable.
They point out the case of Qt packages as an example.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="pg0003">
<span id="revision-bumps-on-runtime-dependency-changes"></span><span id="index-5"></span><h3>Revision bumps on runtime dependency changes<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0003" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0003</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>Council</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://projects.gentoo.org/council/meeting-logs/20151011-summary.txt">https://projects.gentoo.org/council/meeting-logs/20151011-summary.txt</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>It must not be assumed that changes to package’s dependencies will
be implicitly propagated to users who have installed the package
already. Whenever the change needs to be propagated (e.g. to prevent
a missing runtime dependency from being cleaned), the package revision
must be increased.</p>
<p>This does not apply to build-time dependencies.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: developers were historically relying on Portage’s behavior
called <em>dynamic dependencies</em> which caused Portage to implicitly use
dependencies specified in matching ebuilds for installed packages. This
is non-portable and unreliable. Users using different package managers,
disabling the feature or simply missing the timeframe during which
the old ebuild version existed had experienced dependency graph breakage
and other problems due to it.</p>
<p>The policy requires developers to explicitly account for that
possibility. Revision bumps ensure that users who installed the package
from the previous ebuild version rebuild it and get the updated
dependencies as a result.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>The dynamic dependency usage problem has a flip side. You can’t rely
on in-place dependency changes <em>not</em> being propagated either. For
example, if you notice that a package linked to libfoo unnecessarily,
and decide to remove the dependency and code responsible for linking
to it in place, Portage may apply the former immediately even
if the package installed by the user still links to libfoo.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="use-dependencies">
<span id="index-6"></span><h3>USE dependencies<a class="headerlink" href="#use-dependencies" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<section id="pg0021">
<span id="on-packages-without-the-flag"></span><h4>on packages without the flag<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0021" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h4>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0021</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA (inferred from PMS)</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>by pkgcheck</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Whenever a package uses a 2-style USE-dependency on another package,
all package versions matching the dependency must have the flag
in question. If the dependency matches at least one version missing
the flag, either 4-style USE-dependency (i.e. having <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(-)</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(+)</span></code>
indicator) must be used, or the restriction must be refined to match
only versions having the flag.</p>
<p><em>Example</em>:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># BAD: USE=gtk2 is not supported by v2</span>
<span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">libfrobnicate</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">gtk2</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># GOOD: all matching versions have USE=tools</span>
<span class="o"><</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">libfrobnicate</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">gtk2</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># GOOD: indicate the default</span>
<span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">libfrobnicate</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">gtk2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">)]</span>
<span class="c1"># BAD: USE=tools is no longer needed with v2</span>
<span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">libbar</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">tools</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># GOOD: indicate the default</span>
<span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">libbar</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">tools</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="p">)]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: according to the PMS section on <a class="reference external" href="https://projects.gentoo.org/pms/7/pms.html#x1-790008.2.6.4">2-style and 4-style USE
dependencies</a>, it is an error to apply 2-style USE dependency to
a package missing the flag. Furthermore, checking for this makes it
possible to report whenever USE flags on a package are changed without
updating its reverse dependencies.</p>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<span id="document-deprecation"></span><section id="deprecations">
<h2>Deprecations<a class="headerlink" href="#deprecations" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="pg1001">
<span id="deprecated-eapis"></span><span id="index-0"></span><h3>Deprecated EAPIs<a class="headerlink" href="#pg1001" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>1001</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>Council</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://gitweb.gentoo.org/repo/gentoo.git/tree/metadata/layout.conf">https://gitweb.gentoo.org/repo/gentoo.git/tree/metadata/layout.conf</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>by pkgcheck and repoman</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Deprecated EAPIs should not be used in new ebuilds. Existing packages
should be migrated to newer EAPIs on version bumps, or proactively when
no version bumps are expected.</p>
<p>The current list of deprecated EAPIs is stored as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">eapis-deprecated</span></code>
in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">metadata/layout.conf</span></code>.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg1003">
<span id="deprecated-eclasses"></span><span id="index-1"></span><h3>Deprecated eclasses<a class="headerlink" href="#pg1003" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>1003</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>individual eclass maintainers</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>by pkgcheck and repoman</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Deprecated eclasses should not be used in new ebuilds. Existing
packages should be updated not to use these eclasses on version bumps,
or proactively when no version bumps are expected.</p>
<p>Deprecations are indicated using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">@DEPRECATED</span></code> eclassdoc tag
inside the eclass files.</p>
</section>
</section>
<span id="document-ebuild-format"></span><section id="ebuild-file-format">
<h2>Ebuild file format<a class="headerlink" href="#ebuild-file-format" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="pg0101">
<span id="coding-style"></span><span id="index-0"></span><h3>Coding style<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0101" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0101</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>partially via repoman and pkgcheck</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>While Gentoo leaves most of the coding style choices to developers,
there are a few rules which we try to enforce. Those are:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Always indent using a single tab for indentation level. Do not
attempt to align, as it will not work with different tab widths.</p></li>
<li><p>Whenever using named variables, use bracketed variable form, i.e.
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">${foo}</span></code> rather than <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$foo</span></code>.</p></li>
<li><p>Use bash conditions <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[[</span> <span class="pre">...</span> <span class="pre">]]</span></code> rather than POSIX-ish <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[</span> <span class="pre">...</span> <span class="pre">]</span></code>
or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code> builtin.</p></li>
</ul>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: the recommended constructs are less error-prone.
Consistency avoids unnecessary changes when other developers edit
the ebuild.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0102">
<span id="code-must-be-contained-within-ebuild-and-eclasses"></span><span id="index-1"></span><h3>Code must be contained within ebuild and eclasses<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0102" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0102</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://bugs.gentoo.org/612630">https://bugs.gentoo.org/612630</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The ebuild code must be fully contained within .ebuild and .eclass
files. It is forbidden to load additional ebuild code from other files
via <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">source</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">eval</span></code> or any other possible method.</p>
<p>This affects historical use of ‘eblits’ to include phase functions from
external files. The eblits used by the few affected packages were
converted into eclasses.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: moving ebuild code to non-standard locations is against
the principle of least surprise. It makes the maintenance harder,
confuses other developers and tools that do not explicitly account for
that possibility, including linting tools.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0103">
<span id="homepage-must-not-contain-variables"></span><span id="index-2"></span><h3>HOMEPAGE must not contain variables<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0103" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0103</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>by pkgcheck, highlighted as error by gentoo-syntax</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HOMEPAGE</span></code> variable in ebuild must specify all the URIs verbatim,
without referring to any variables. Variable references are allowed
when setting generic values in eclasses.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: since homepage URIs do not contain dynamic parts (such
as package versions), there is little advantage to using variables
there. On the other hand, variables render the URIs unusable without
preprocessing, breaking URI support in terminals and editors, as well
as reducing the usefulness of plain tools such as grep.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0104">
<span id="src-uri-must-not-refer-to-homepage"></span><span id="index-3"></span><h3>SRC_URI must not refer to HOMEPAGE<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0104" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0104</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>by pkgcheck</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SRC_URI</span></code> variable in ebuild must not refer to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">${HOMEPAGE}</span></code>.
If both overlap, the common part must be repeated verbatim.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HOMEPAGE</span></code> permits multiple entries by design,
and developers are generally encouraged to add more helpful entries
(e.g. project pages on PyPI, GitHub…). Making individual URIs
incidentally depend on multi-valued variable having a single value
goes against the principle of least surprise. Furthermore, it makes
it hard to copy-paste part of the URI e.g. to investigate the directory
index.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0105">
<span id="keywords-must-be-defined-on-a-single-line"></span><span id="index-4"></span><h3>KEYWORDS must be defined on a single line<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0105" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0105</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KEYWORDS</span></code> variable must be defined at most once in an ebuild,
on a single line, with literal content (no variable references, line
wrapping, appending, etc.).</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: it is common for arch teams to use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ekeyword</span></code> tool
when working with large number of ebuilds. The tool has only limited
ability to process and modify ebuilds, and therefore developers must
make sure that it works correctly on their ebuilds.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0106">
<span id="license-must-not-contain-variables"></span><span id="index-5"></span><h3>LICENSE must not contain variables<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0106" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0106</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LICENSE</span></code> variable in an ebuild must specify all the license names
verbatim, without referring to any variables. The only exception is
(implicit or explicit) use of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LICENSE</span></code> itself, i.e. appending is
allowed.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: since license names do not contain dynamic parts (such as
package versions), using variables there has little advantage. On the
other hand, variables reduce the usefulness of plain tools such as grep.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0107">
<span id="d-must-be-used-only-in-src-install-and-pkg-preinst"></span><span id="index-6"></span><h3>D must be used only in src_install and pkg_preinst<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0107" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0107</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>by pkgcheck</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">D</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ED</span></code> variables must be used only in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">src_install</span></code>
and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pkg_preinst</span></code> phase functions. Exceptions to this policy can be
granted by the QA team.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">D</span></code> in other phases (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">src_configure</span></code>) is
error-prone and may lead to the path being embedded in files of the
installed image. In addition, the directory pointed to by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">${D}</span></code>
does not exist in other phases.</p>
</section>
</section>
<span id="document-filesystem"></span><section id="file-system-layout">
<h2>File system layout<a class="headerlink" href="#file-system-layout" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="pg0201">
<span id="installation-paths"></span><span id="index-0"></span><h3>Installation paths<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0201" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0201</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://gitweb.gentoo.org/repo/gentoo.git/tree/metadata/install-qa-check.d/08gentoo-paths">https://gitweb.gentoo.org/repo/gentoo.git/tree/metadata/install-qa-check.d/08gentoo-paths</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>via install-qa-check.d</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Gentoo packages may only install into one of the following top-level
directories:</p>
<table class="hlist"><tr><td><ul class="simple">
<li><p>/bin</p></li>
<li><p>/boot</p></li>
</ul>
</td><td><ul class="simple">
<li><p>/dev</p></li>
<li><p>/etc</p></li>
</ul>
</td><td><ul class="simple">
<li><p>/lib*</p></li>
<li><p>/opt</p></li>
</ul>
</td><td><ul class="simple">
<li><p>/sbin</p></li>
<li><p>/srv</p></li>
</ul>
</td><td><ul class="simple">
<li><p>/usr</p></li>
<li><p>/var</p></li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Furthermore, only the following subdirectories of /usr are permitted:</p>
<table class="hlist"><tr><td><ul class="simple">
<li><p>/usr/bin</p></li>
<li><p>/usr/include</p></li>
</ul>
</td><td><ul class="simple">
<li><p>/usr/lib*</p></li>
<li><p>/usr/libexec</p></li>
</ul>
</td><td><ul class="simple">
<li><p>/usr/sbin</p></li>
<li><p>/usr/share</p></li>
</ul>
</td><td><ul class="simple">
<li><p>/usr/src</p></li>
<li><p>/usr/<triplet></p></li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Furthermore, within /usr/share/doc hierarchy only a subdirectory named
after full package name and version with revision (PF) is permitted.</p>
<p>In the aforementioned lists, ‘lib*’ indicates lib and its appropriate
suffixed variants for the architecture in question. ‘<triplet>’
indicates either CHOST or CTARGET value, as used by toolchain packages.</p>
<p>Additional exceptions can be granted by the QA team. Currently those
exceptions are:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>/gnu for the guix package manager</p></li>
<li><p>/nix for the nix package manager</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="pg0202">
<span id="support-for-separate-usr"></span><span id="index-1"></span><h3>Support for separate /usr<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0202" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0202</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://projects.gentoo.org/council/meeting-logs/20130813-summary.txt">https://projects.gentoo.org/council/meeting-logs/20130813-summary.txt</a>
<a class="reference external" href="https://projects.gentoo.org/council/meeting-logs/20130924-summary.txt">https://projects.gentoo.org/council/meeting-logs/20130924-summary.txt</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Developers are not required to support using separate /usr filesystem
without an initramfs.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: upstream software (as of 2013) is already making support
for early boot without /usr mounted difficult, and whenever it is still
works, it is either subtly broken or relying on hacks (udev). In setups
using initramfs, some of the boot and repair functionality can be moved
from rootfs to initramfs.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0203">
<span id="strict-multilib-layout"></span><span id="index-2"></span><h3>Strict multilib layout<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0203" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0203</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://gitweb.gentoo.org/proj/portage.git/tree/bin/install-qa-check.d/80multilib-strict">https://gitweb.gentoo.org/proj/portage.git/tree/bin/install-qa-check.d/80multilib-strict</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>via install-qa-check.d, fatal</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Libraries must be installed into an appropriate /lib* or /usr/lib*
directory corresponding to their ABI. For example, 64-bit libraries
on amd64 must be installed into lib64 and not lib.</p>
<p>Libraries installed as a part of larger software package can be
installed along with it into a subdirectory of lib.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: historically, Gentoo has been symlinking /lib to /lib64
in order to maintain compatibility with old packages hardcoding /lib
path. With modern Gentoo profiles, this is no longer the case
and packages must install libraries into appropriate directory for them
to be correctly found by the dynamic loader.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0204">
<span id="static-libraries-and-libtool-files"></span><span id="index-3"></span><h3>Static libraries and libtool files<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0204" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0204</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://gitweb.gentoo.org/proj/portage.git/tree/bin/install-qa-check.d/80libraries">https://gitweb.gentoo.org/proj/portage.git/tree/bin/install-qa-check.d/80libraries</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>via install-qa-check.d, fatal</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Static libraries and libtool files (.la) must be installed into /usr
hierarchy and never to root filesystem (/lib*). If an additional shared
version of the library is installed to /lib*, a .so linker script must
be installed into /usr/lib* in order to ensure correct linking.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: historically, the purpose of root filesystem was to hold
files strictly needed at boot. For this reason, many old Gentoo
installations may still use small / partition. Static libraries are
used only during package builds, and installing them to rootfs would
be a waste of space.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0205">
<span id="game-install-locations-and-ownership"></span><span id="index-4"></span><h3>Game install locations and ownership<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0205" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0205</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>Council, clarified by QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://projects.gentoo.org/council/meeting-logs/20151213-summary.txt">https://projects.gentoo.org/council/meeting-logs/20151213-summary.txt</a>
<a class="reference external" href="https://projects.gentoo.org/council/meeting-logs/20151011-summary.txt">https://projects.gentoo.org/council/meeting-logs/20151011-summary.txt</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>via install-qa-check.d</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The historical game install locations (/usr/games and /etc/games) must
not be used anymore. Instead, games should follow normal guidelines
for install locations. As an exception, /usr/share/games can be used
if this location is used upstream, and /var/games can be used for shared
game files (e.g. high scores, game state files).</p>
<p>The historical games group must no longer be used. Games must work
for users that are not in this group. The aforementioned install
locations must therefore be owned by root and be world-readable.</p>
<p>If games need privileged access to shared files, the group gamestat
can be used for this purpose. The game executables should be owned
by that group and made setgid. The shared files must be installed
into /var/games hierarchy, and writable to gamestat group.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: there is no technical reason to isolate games from other
applications on the system, or to restrict access to them. The boundary
between game and non-game packages is very blurry on modern systems,
especially due to web browsers.</p>
<p>The historical use of games group on Gentoo to control access is
inconsistent with the use in other distributions where it was used to
share data files. Since the latter implied users must not be added
to the games group, a new group (gamestat) needed to be created to
fulfill that purpose.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0206">
<span id="absolute-symbolic-link-targets"></span><span id="index-5"></span><h3>Absolute symbolic link targets<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0206" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0206</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>by repoman and pkgcheck (when ebuild-generated)</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Packages must not install symbolic links with absolute targets.
Instead, relative paths must be used. An exception is granted
for symlinks to specially mounted filesystems (such as /proc, /run)
when symlinks are supposed to always reference the running host system.</p>
<p><em>Example</em>:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># BAD:</span>
<span class="n">dosym</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">usr</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">lib</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">frobnicate</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">frobnicate</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">usr</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">bin</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">frobnicate</span>
<span class="c1"># GOOD:</span>
<span class="n">dosym</span> <span class="o">../</span><span class="n">lib</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">frobnicate</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">frobnicate</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">usr</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">bin</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">frobnicate</span>
<span class="c1"># ACCEPTABLE EXCEPTION:</span>
<span class="n">dosym</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">proc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">mounts</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">mtab</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: absolute symlinks work correctly only when the root
filesystem is mounted at /. They point at the wrong location whenever
it is mounted in another location, e.g. for the purposes of recovery.</p>
</section>
</section>
<span id="document-installed-files"></span><section id="installed-files">
<h2>Installed files<a class="headerlink" href="#installed-files" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="pg0301">
<span id="installation-of-small-files"></span><span id="index-0"></span><h3>Installation of small files<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0301" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0301</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Ebuilds must not introduce USE flags to control installing files that
are small in size, require no additional dependencies and not cause any
negative consequences to the program behavior by being installed. Such
files must be installed unconditionally. Examples include shell
completion files, systemd service units, localization files.</p>
<p>Users wishing to strip unnecessary files of this category should use
INSTALL_MASK to do so.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: the goal of this policy is to avoid unnecessary rebuilds
of packages when the cost of installing additional files is much smaller
than the cost of rebuild. It has been specifically brought in context
of bash completions in LibreOffice – a user who did not notice that he
did not enable the flag should not be required to spend hours rebuilding
such a huge package in order to install one tiny file.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>While technically e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">app-shells/bash-completion</span></code> could be
considered a dependency of installed bash completions, it is not
applicable here since this package needs to be installed by the user
if he wishes to use completions in the first place, and if it is not
installed, completion files are not used at all.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="pg0302">
<span id="installation-of-static-libraries"></span><span id="index-1"></span><h3>Installation of static libraries<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0302" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0302</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Packages must not install static libraries unless they are explicitly
required, either by themselves or their reverse dependencies. If both
shared and static libraries are supported, shared libraries must be
installed by default and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">USE=static-libs</span></code> may be added for static
libraries if they are necessary.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: static linking is strongly discouraged as it makes security
support for packages practically impossible. It may be used whenever
really necessary (e.g. for recovery tools) but otherwise proliferating
it is considered harmful. There is no point in installing static
libraries if they are never going to be used.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0303">
<span id="installation-of-libtool-la-files"></span><span id="index-2"></span><h3>Installation of libtool (.la) files<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0303" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0303</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Packages must not install libtool .la files unless they are explicitly
required. Generally, they might be required if:</p>
<ol class="loweralpha simple">
<li><p>the package is using a plugin loader that requires .la files in order
to locate plugins and does not have .so fallback (very uncommon),</p></li>
<li><p>the package is installing static libraries that have additional
dependencies and no pkg-config files or other tools that provide
the list of dependencies to build systems.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>It is recommended to use the following one-liner to remove .la files:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">find</span> <span class="s2">"$</span><span class="si">{ED}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">type</span> <span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="s1">'*.la'</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">delete</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="n">die</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: libtool files were historically introduced as an attempt
to supplement static library archives with dependent library list.
However, they were only supported by libtool-based (autotools) projects
and caused many issues, in particular due to hardcoding full paths.
Today they are practically replaced by more portable pkg-config files,
and while libtool keeps generating them, they are considered
unnecessary and potentially harmful.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0304">
<span id="virtuals"></span><span id="index-3"></span><h3>Virtuals<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0304" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0304</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Packages in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">virtual</span></code> category must not install any files.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">virtual</span></code> category is reserved for packages with
an empty installation image. Package managers rely on this for some
optimizations. Also QA tools make certain assumptions about virtuals,
e.g., that they must not assign the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LICENSE</span></code> variable (which would
be impossible if they installed any files).</p>
</section>
</section>
<span id="document-keywords"></span><section id="keywording-and-stabilization">
<h2>Keywording and stabilization<a class="headerlink" href="#keywording-and-stabilization" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="pg0401">
<span id="rekeywording-on-dropped-keywords"></span><span id="index-0"></span><h3>Rekeywording on dropped keywords<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0401" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0401</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>by pkgcheck and repoman</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The developer removing keywords from a package (e.g. due to new
dependencies) must file a rekeywording bug asking for the package being
retested. This rule can be exempted if the package is known not to work
(anymore) on the arch in question.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: rekeywording on minor architectures often takes a long
time. If a developer neglects to request it immediately, it negatively
affects other developers who in the future either want to stabilize
a new version or to remove an old version.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0402">
<span id="stabilizing-new-versions"></span><span id="index-1"></span><h3>Stabilizing new versions<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0402" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0402</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>by pkgcheck</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Whenever requesting a stabilization of a new version of the package,
the developer must CC <em>all</em> arches that had at least one previous stable
version of the package in question, and that still have ~arch keywords
in the stabilized version. This applies to experimental architectures
as well.</p>
<p>The stabilization request can be closed and old stable version removed
once all non-experimental architectures have processed the stabilization
request. However, the remaining arch teams should be kept CC-ed in case
they wanted to process the bug.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: there were some cases of developers requesting
stabilization only of a subset of architectures they were personally
interested in. This meant some other developer had to independently
request stabilization on remaining architectures which only meant
a duplication of effort and unnecessary confusion over which version
is stable and whether arch teams are slacking or stabilization was not
requested on remaining architectures in the first place.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0403">
<span id="removing-stable-keywords"></span><span id="index-2"></span><h3>Removing stable keywords<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0403" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0403</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/index.php?title=Project:Quality_Assurance/Policies&oldid=126033#Dropping_Stable_KEYWORDs">https://wiki.gentoo.org/index.php?title=Project:Quality_Assurance/Policies&oldid=126033#Dropping_Stable_KEYWORDs</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>n/a</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Stable keywords (or the last stable version) can be removed from
a package if the relevant arch team does not respond within 90 days.
If the removal causes a breakage of dependency graph, the developer
must work with maintainers of the depending packages before proceeding
with it.</p>
<p>The policy for removing a package must be followed here, with exception
of last rite mails.</p>
</section>
</section>
<span id="document-languages"></span><section id="language-specific-policies">
<h2>Language-specific policies<a class="headerlink" href="#language-specific-policies" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="python">
<span id="index-0"></span><h3>Python<a class="headerlink" href="#python" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<span class="target" id="index-1"></span><span class="target" id="index-2"></span><span class="target" id="index-3"></span><section id="pg0501">
<span id="eclass-usage"></span><span id="index-4"></span><h4>Eclass usage<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0501" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h4>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0501</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>Python project</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Python/Eclasses">https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Python/Eclasses</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>by pkgcheck</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>All packages using Python (either through installing Python modules
or scripts, linking to libpython, calling Python at runtime or build
time) must do it through one of the python-r1 eclasses. Packages must
not directly depend on Python, directly use PYTHON_SINGLE_TARGET
or PYTHON_TARGETS. The variables and functions provided by the eclasses
must be used instead.</p>
<p>All ebuilds must explicitly define supported Python implementations
in PYTHON_COMPAT. Dependencies between Python packages must use
PYTHON_USEDEP, PYTHON_SINGLE_USEDEP or python_gen_cond_dep in order
to ensure implementation match.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: the eclass code guarantees consistent and reliable handling
of slotted Python. It ensures that the whole dependency graph uses
matching implementation and that programs will not accidentally break
if user changes his Python preferences. The helper functions
and variables also make it possible to gracefully retire old
implementations with minimal changes to existing ebuilds.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0502">
<span id="python-2-deprecation"></span><span id="index-5"></span><h4>Python 2 deprecation<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0502" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h4>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0502</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>Python project</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Python#Python_2_end-of-life">https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Python#Python_2_end-of-life</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Python 2 is being phased out of Gentoo packages. Python 2 support
must not be introduced in new packages, unless explicitly required
to maintain compatibility with existing packages. Packages that do not
support Python 3 should be removed sooner or later, depending
on Python 3 porting chances.</p>
<p>In packages that support both Python 2 and Python 3, the Python 2
support should be gracefully retired, as soon as their reverse
dependencies are ready or removed.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: Python 2 has reached its (deferred) end-of-life by the end
of 2019. Many important upstream projects have already removed support
for Python 2. Those packages are frequently dependencies of other
packages, causing the cost of maintaining Python 2 support to grow
exponentially.</p>
<p>Early removal of unnecessary Python 2 support will both reduce
the long-term maintenance costs, and give users better chance to prepare
than delaying it until the number of packages losing Python 2 support
will cause major upgrade issues.</p>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<span id="document-maintainer"></span><section id="package-maintainers">
<h2>Package Maintainers<a class="headerlink" href="#package-maintainers" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="pg0601">
<span id="adding-new-maintainers"></span><span id="index-0"></span><h3>Adding new maintainers<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0601" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0601</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Developers must not add other developers as package maintainers, unless
the developers in question consent to that. Developers must not add
projects that they are not members of as package maintainers, unless
one of the project members explicitly agrees to that or the project
policy explicitly permits it.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: this policy aims to prevent package maintainers being added
as backup maintainers without their consent or knowledge. What’s worse,
once the original maintainer resigns the packages frequently drop
to backup maintainers who are neither interested in maintaining them,
nor often aware why they are listed as maintainers.</p>
<p>For example, developers used to frequently add Python team as a backup
maintainer to various packages not fitting the project’s profile. This
includes various end-user programs written in Python. Many of those
packages ended up being maintained solely by Python, and distinguishing
them from packages actually within project’s profile was hard.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0602">
<span id="new-packages-without-a-maintainer"></span><span id="index-1"></span><h3>New packages without a maintainer<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0602" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0602</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>It is explicitly forbidden to add new packages without a dedicated
maintainer. This does not apply if the package in question is not
technically a new one but merely split out of unmaintained package.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: Gentoo is currently suffering from a very large number
of packages without a maintainer. There is a small group of developers
trying to fix them as necessary. It is unfair and inappropriate
to increase their maintenance burden by adding new packages and refusing
to take care of them.</p>
<span class="target" id="index-2"></span></section>
<section id="pg0603">
<span id="removing-package-maintainers"></span><span id="index-3"></span><h3>Removing package maintainers<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0603" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0603</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>When removing maintainers from a package, the developer must reassign
all bugs filed for it. Furthermore, when removing the last maintainer
for a package, the developer must add the following comment
to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">metadata.xml</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><!-- maintainer-needed -->
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Furthermore, the developer must send an ‘up for grabs’ mail
to gentoo-dev mailing list, containing the list of packages with
no maintainer. If possible, please include any information that could
be helpful to future maintainers.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: reassigning bugs is necessary to make sure that old bugs
are not lost assigned to developers who are no longer interested
in them. The maintainer-needed comment is meant to make it possible
to easily grep for unmaintained packages. The ‘up for grabs’ mails aim
to increase the chances of packages finding a new maintainers (compared
to them silently becoming maintainer-needed).</p>
</section>
</section>
<span id="document-other-metadata"></span><section id="other-metadata-variables">
<h2>Other metadata variables<a class="headerlink" href="#other-metadata-variables" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<span class="target" id="index-0"></span><section id="pg0701">
<span id="dynamic-slots-multislot-flag"></span><span id="index-1"></span><h3>Dynamic slots (multislot flag)<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0701" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0701</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA (inferred from PMS)</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/index.php?title=Project:Quality_Assurance/Policies&oldid=109991#multislot.2FUSE-dependent_SLOT">https://wiki.gentoo.org/index.php?title=Project:Quality_Assurance/Policies&oldid=109991#multislot.2FUSE-dependent_SLOT</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://bugs.gentoo.org/174407">https://bugs.gentoo.org/174407</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">use</span></code> in global scope triggers fatal error</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The use of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">multislot</span></code> to alter <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SLOT</span></code> values (as well as any other
USE-dependent slot values) in the Gentoo repository is forbidden.
Such a feature can be used in overlays, and it is acceptable to provide
such support in eclasses as long as it is not used in ::gentoo.</p>
<p>This policy has been explicitly declared in response to historical
(pre-2016) use of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">USE=multislot</span></code> in toolchain ebuilds. When the flag
was disabled, all package versions used the same slot, and upgrades were
handled as for non-slotted packages. When the flag was enabled, each
version used a separate slot, permitting multiple versions being
installed simultaneously. This allowed the user to choose between
the two options.</p>
<p>The original violation has been resolved by unconditionally slotting
the packages. This permitted the users to install multiple versions
in parallel, while removal of old versions was to be handled via
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">emerge</span> <span class="pre">--depclean</span></code>.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: this feature was in direct violation of PMS <a class="reference external" href="https://projects.gentoo.org/pms/7/pms.html#x1-600007.1">metadata
invariance</a> requirements. It caused the cached slot value to depend
on the state of querying the USE flag (which in turn could technically
depend on slot, via <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">package.use</span></code>). This caused undefined package
manager behavior which could include use of unpredictable slot, cache
invalidation or explicit errors.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0702">
<span id="homepage-value-must-be-meaningful"></span><span id="index-2"></span><h3>HOMEPAGE value must be meaningful<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0702" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0702</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://archives.gentoo.org/gentoo-dev/message/83cc5bbd7bbe8bdf04dd3c3bc7f8a035">https://archives.gentoo.org/gentoo-dev/message/83cc5bbd7bbe8bdf04dd3c3bc7f8a035</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>known bad values are reported by pkgcheck</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The HOMEPAGE specified for the package should either be dedicated
to the package in question or make it easy to find dedicated
information. Packages must not use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">https://www.gentoo.org/</span></code>
or a similar generic homepage. If no homepage is available, the special
value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/No_homepage</span></code> must be used.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: The homepage specified in ebuilds is normally used to
locate information about the upstream project, e.g. downloads, source
code repository, bug tracker, documentation. Homepages that make it
hard to locate information about a specific project have little value,
and the Gentoo homepage generally does not do a good job at linking even
major Gentoo projects. Furthermore, many of the projects did not even
have a single dedicated subpage anywhere in Gentoo web space. In all
those cases, using the explicit No_homepage marker at least makes it
easy to identify such packages.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0703">
<span id="restrict-test-for-use-test"></span><span id="index-3"></span><h3>RESTRICT=test for USE=-test<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0703" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0703</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>by pkgcheck</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Whenever the package uses <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code> flag to control test prerequisites
(or another flag with a similar purpose), it must explicitly restrict
tests when the flag is unset.</p>
<p><em>Example</em>:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">IUSE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"test"</span>
<span class="n">RESTRICT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"!test? ( test )"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: contrary to common assumption, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code> flag is not special
and the package manager can execute tests when the flag is disabled.
The explicit restriction guarantees that tests will be skipped under
this circumstance, and they will not fail for users.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Technically there are packages that do not strictly require this
restriction since they handle missing test prerequisites gracefully
(e.g. by skipping the tests). However, we enforce the rule for all
packages since omitting the restriction by mistake is much more
common, and there is little harm in overspecifying it.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="pg0704">
<span id="license"></span><span id="index-4"></span><h3>LICENSE<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0704" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0704</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LICENSE</span></code> variable must explicitly list all licenses pertaining
to the “corresponding source” of the files installed by the package.
This includes all their source code, but also all scripts used to
control compilation and installation. If some of the applicable
licenses are conditional to USE flags, appropriate USE conditionals
need to be expressed in the variable.</p>
<p>If a package bundles any dependencies that are either installed,
statically linked or in any other way combined with installed files,
the licenses of these dependencies need to be listed as well. This
is not presently required when statically linking to dependencies
installed by separate packages in the repository.</p>
<p>The licenses for files that are neither installed nor used at build
time shall not be listed.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: the primary purpose of the license support in the package
manager is to provide the users with ability to decide on acceptable
licenses for their installed systems (and binary packages). In order
for this to work effectively, the packages must provide a correct
and complete license list.</p>
<p>Static linking combines code from multiple packages, potentially covered
by different licenses. Listing all licenses is the simplest way
of ensuring that nothing is missed, as well as protecting against wrong
derivative work licenses stated upstream (i.e. when a less restrictively
licensed package links to a more restrictively licensed dependency).</p>
<p>Listing of licenses is enforced for bundled dependencies but not for
static linking to other packages, as in the latter case it is
non-trivial to implement and the package manager already verifies
the license while building dependencies (but not when installing binary
packages).</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Please remember to include the licenses of support files provided
by the ebuild, e.g. init.d scripts (usually GPL-2).</p>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<span id="document-use-flags"></span><section id="use-flags">
<h2>USE flags<a class="headerlink" href="#use-flags" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="pg0801">
<span id="versioned-use-flags"></span><span id="index-0"></span><h3>Versioned USE flags<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0801" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0801</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/index.php?title=Project:Quality_Assurance/Policies&oldid=109991#Versioned_USE_flags">https://wiki.gentoo.org/index.php?title=Project:Quality_Assurance/Policies&oldid=109991#Versioned_USE_flags</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>If a need arises to create new USE flags responsible for switching
between multiple versions of a specific dependency, it is recommended
that flat, explicitly versioned flags are used (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">qt4</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">qt5</span></code>).
The hierarchical form used e.g. by GTK+ (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gtk</span></code> meaning 2-or-3,
then optionally <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gtk2</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gtk3</span></code> to switch between both)
is discouraged.</p>
<p>Any future set of USE flags introduced in this way needs to be discussed
with the QA team before introduction.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>This policy has historically been defined as an generalization
of the QA policy on gtk/gtk2/gtk3 flags. The latter policy has been
removed since.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="pg0802">
<span id="use-gui-flag"></span><span id="index-1"></span><h3>USE=gui flag<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0802" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0802</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://archives.gentoo.org/gentoo-dev/message/cf3f5a59ac918335766632bd02438722">https://archives.gentoo.org/gentoo-dev/message/cf3f5a59ac918335766632bd02438722</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>no</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Whenever a package offers an optional GUI support, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gui</span></code> flag must
be used to control that support rather than historically used <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">X</span></code>
or toolkit flags. Toolkit flags can still be used to choose between
multiple available GUIs, or when the toolkit is used in a more
specialized way than for GUI (e.g. to control installing widgets).</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: the historical use of toolkit flags to control building
GUIs made it very hard for users to express the simple wish of ‘I want
<em>any</em> GUI’. Installing various packages made it necessary to either
adjust flags per package (manually discovering which flags are necessary
to obtain the GUI) or enabling multiple toolkits globally which
afterwards caused issues with packages supporting a choice between
multiple GUIs.</p>
</section>
<section id="pg0803">
<span id="underscores-in-use-flag-names"></span><span id="index-2"></span><h3>Underscores in USE flag names<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0803" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0803</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>Council</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://projects.gentoo.org/council/meeting-logs/20191013-summary.txt">https://projects.gentoo.org/council/meeting-logs/20191013-summary.txt</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>by pkgcheck</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Underscores are reserved for USE_EXPAND flags, and must not be used
within names of newly-defined regular flags. Existing uses are
considered technically valid, and phasing them out has low priority.</p>
<p>Flags that attempt to resemble USE_EXPAND should be either converted
into proper (global) USE_EXPAND, or made into shorter (unprefixed)
local flags. In other flags, replacing underscore with hyphen is
recommended.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: a few packages in Gentoo attempted to imitate USE_EXPAND
via local USE flags. This has no clear advantage, may be confusing
to end users who assume that they will work like USE_EXPAND
and in the end unnecessarily lengthens flag names or even causes
unnecessary mismatches between global flags and local flags.</p>
<p>Extending the rule to all flags containing underscores aims to make
distinguishing USE_EXPAND and regular flags easier. It also improves
consistency between flag names that historically used hyphens
or underscores depending on developer’s personal preference.</p>
</section>
</section>
<span id="document-user-group"></span><section id="users-and-groups">
<h2>Users and groups<a class="headerlink" href="#users-and-groups" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<span class="target" id="index-0"></span><section id="pg0901">
<span id="user-and-group-account-policy"></span><span id="index-1"></span><h3>User and group account policy<a class="headerlink" href="#pg0901" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">PG<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>0901</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Source<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>QA</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Reference<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://bugs.gentoo.org/702460">https://bugs.gentoo.org/702460</a></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Reported<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>by repoman and pkgcheck (as deprecated eclass)</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>All new user/group accounts must be created via <a class="reference external" href="https://www.gentoo.org/glep/glep-0081.html">GLEP 81</a> packages.
The existing packages should be migrated on the next version bump or
major update.</p>
<p>Existing and historical fixed UIDs/GIDs in range 0..499 (used
in baselayout or via user.eclass) as listed in uid-gid.txt can be reused
as-is in acct-* packages.</p>
<p>UIDs and GIDs in range 0..100 are reserved for important system
accounts. New assignments in that range need to be explicitly approved
by the QA lead, in response to a justified request from the developer.</p>
<p>The range 101..749 is provided for regular use by packages.
The assignments from this range follow the following rules:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>A developer can select an arbitrary free UID/GID from this range.
If in doubt, it is recommended to select successive numbers from 101
upwards.</p></li>
<li><p>Unless there is a very good reason not to, matching users and groups
should use the same number. It is acceptable to leave gaps
in assignments as a result of that.</p></li>
<li><p>Before pushing the new acct-* packages, the developer must push
an update to uid-gid.txt adding the ‘acct’ entry for the desired
UID/GID. This serves as a synchronization primitive to prevent
collisions.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>Further UID/GID ranges will be open in the future as the need arises.</p>
<p><em>Rationale</em>: this is the second version of the policy for GLEP 81
packages. It simplifies the process to aid rapid adoption of the new
system. Review requirement and pointless cross-distro syncing were
removed, in favor of a simple process of allocating the next free number
and using it.</p>
<p>The ranges have been chosen to delay the imminent collision between
explicitly reserved UIDs / GIDs and the ones allocated dynamically by
user.eclass (starting from 999 downwards). The lowest GID range has
been reserved for true system users and groups.</p>
</section>
</section>
</div>
</section>
<section id="indices-and-tables">
<h1>Indices and tables<a class="headerlink" href="#indices-and-tables" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="genindex.html"><span class="std std-ref">Index</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="search.html"><span class="std std-ref">Search Page</span></a></p></li>
</ul>
</section>
</div>
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<nav class="bs-docs-sidebar" data-spy="affix" data-offset-top="140" data-offset-bottom="400">
<p class="hidden" role="heading"><span class="hidden-text">Contents:</span></p>
<ul class='nav'>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="#document-preface">Preface</a><ul class='nav'>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#authors">Authors</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#license">License</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="#document-motivation">Motivation and history</a><ul class='nav'>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#historical-state-of-policy-documentation">Historical state of policy documentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#purpose-of-the-policy-guide">Purpose of the Policy Guide</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="#document-basics">Basic information</a><ul class='nav'>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#goals-of-policy-making">Goals of policy making</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#policy-compliance-checking">Policy compliance checking</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#policy-enforcement">Policy enforcement</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#policy-making-changes-and-appeals">Policy making, changes and appeals</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="#document-other-docs">Other policy documents</a><ul class='nav'>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#gentoo-specific-documentation">Gentoo-specific documentation</a><ul class='nav'>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#package-manager-specification">Package Manager Specification</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#gleps">GLEPs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#developer-manual">Developer Manual</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#external-standards">External standards</a><ul class='nav'>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#posix">POSIX</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#fhs">FHS</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="#document-dependencies">Dependencies</a><ul class='nav'>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0001">Optional runtime dependencies</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0002">=-dependencies with no revision</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#slot-and-subslot-dependencies">Slot and subslot dependencies</a><ul class='nav'>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0011">on (sub-)slotted packages</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0012">special case: Qt packages</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#proactive-use-of-slot-operators">proactive use of slot operators</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0003">Revision bumps on runtime dependency changes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#use-dependencies">USE dependencies</a><ul class='nav'>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0021">on packages without the flag</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="#document-deprecation">Deprecations</a><ul class='nav'>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg1001">Deprecated EAPIs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg1003">Deprecated eclasses</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="#document-ebuild-format">Ebuild file format</a><ul class='nav'>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0101">Coding style</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0102">Code must be contained within ebuild and eclasses</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0103">HOMEPAGE must not contain variables</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0104">SRC_URI must not refer to HOMEPAGE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0105">KEYWORDS must be defined on a single line</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0106">LICENSE must not contain variables</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0107">D must be used only in src_install and pkg_preinst</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="#document-filesystem">File system layout</a><ul class='nav'>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0201">Installation paths</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0202">Support for separate /usr</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0203">Strict multilib layout</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0204">Static libraries and libtool files</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0205">Game install locations and ownership</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0206">Absolute symbolic link targets</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="#document-installed-files">Installed files</a><ul class='nav'>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0301">Installation of small files</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0302">Installation of static libraries</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0303">Installation of libtool (.la) files</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#pg0304">Virtuals</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="#document-keywords">Keywording and stabilization</a><ul class='nav'>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#slot-and-subslot-dependencies">Slot and subslot dependencies</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0011">on (sub-)slotted packages</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0021">on packages without the flag</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0103">HOMEPAGE must not contain variables</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0104">SRC_URI must not refer to HOMEPAGE</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0107">D must be used only in src_install and pkg_preinst</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#document-keywords">Keywording and stabilization</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0401">Rekeywording on dropped keywords</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0402">Stabilizing new versions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0403">Removing stable keywords</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#document-languages">Language-specific policies</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#python">Python</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0501">Eclass usage</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0502">Python 2 deprecation</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#document-maintainer">Package Maintainers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0601">Adding new maintainers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0602">New packages without a maintainer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0603">Removing package maintainers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#document-other-metadata">Other metadata variables</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0701">Dynamic slots (multislot flag)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0702">HOMEPAGE value must be meaningful</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0703">RESTRICT=test for USE=-test</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0704">LICENSE</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#document-use-flags">USE flags</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0801">Versioned USE flags</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0802">USE=gui flag</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0803">Underscores in USE flag names</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#document-user-group">Users and groups</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html#pg0901">User and group account policy</a></li>
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